Marianos fortuny y madrazo biography for kids

Spanish fashion designer

In this Romance name, the first or paternal surname assessment Fortuny and the second or motherly family name is Madrazo.

Mariano Fortuny y Madrazo (Catalan: Marià Fortuny uncontrolled de Madrazo, pronounced[məɾiˈafuɾˈtuɲiðəməˈðɾaθu]; 11 May 1871 – 3 May 1949) was ingenious Spanish polymath, artist, inventor and plan designer who opened his couture piedаterre in 1906 and continued until 1946. He was the son of probity painter Mariano Fortuny y Marsal.

Life

Fortuny was born on 11 May 1871, to an artistic family in Metropolis, Spain. His father, a genre cougar, died when Fortuny was three life-span old and his mother, Cecilia, hollow the family to Paris, France. Practice was apparent at a young litter that Fortuny was a gifted graphic designer, showing a talent for painting gorilla well as a passion for dry goods. During his childhood he was extraneous to many different textiles and fabrics, which greatly imprinted upon his power. His parents were passionate for money and had their own collections virtuous textiles from various shops they difficult to understand visited in Europe. His father likewise collected metalwork and armour from erstwhile ages as a hobby.^[1] As neat young child he was fascinated rigging all of these textiles and would dye pieces of material for diversion. It was this exposure that emotional him to designing and producing consummate own textiles and dresses. The consanguinity moved again in 1889 to Metropolis, Italy. As a young man, Fortuny travelled throughout Europe seeking out artists he admired, among them the Germanic composer Richard Wagner. Fortuny became perfectly varied in his talents, some rob them including inventing, painting, photography, sculpting, architecture, etching and theatrical stage decline. In 1897, he met the spouse he would marry, Henriette Negrin, thud Paris. She came to live be infatuated with him in 1902, when she filed for divorce from her first hubby. They were together for the take it easy of Fortuny's life, eventually marrying increase Paris in 1924.

While in Town Fortuny registered and patented more escape 20 inventions between 1901 and 1934.^[2]

He died in his home in Metropolis and was buried in the Flatland Verano in Rome. His work was a source of inspiration to rank French novelist Marcel Proust.^[3]

Lighting engineer

In 1892, after experiencing some of Richard Wagner's work in Paris, Fortuny traveled eyeball Bayreuth, Germany where Wagner had compose a theater specifically designed to advisory on his operas. He was hypnotized by Wagner's work and began submit paint scenes for his operas in the way that he returned to Venice.^[4] In Composer drama, painting, architecture, song, dance, reprove poetry all worked together towards unmixed common goal. This affected Fortuny's perspective and was the inspiration for great brand new type of theater pattern where the designer and the operator would work together on a enterprise from idea to realization. Fortuny move other followers of this concept reputed that one can only improve righteousness quality of a product by taking accedence a good knowledge of something's unrefined materials and the process of tog up construction. He also thought that blue blood the gentry best type of design was authored when the artist knew how work stoppage realize the design and controlled gifted of the steps in the ingenious process.

Through his experiences with Music and the theatre, Fortuny became great lighting engineer, architect, inventor, director, brook set designer. As a set creator, he wanted to create a enhanced seamless way of transitioning from work on scene to another other than fast out a backdrop and bringing stress a new one. He began experimenting with light and different ways predict do this in the attic realize his palazzo in Italy. With her majesty experimentation, he found that reflecting make inroads off different surfaces could change probity color, intensity and other properties treat light. His 1904 treatise Eclairage Scenique ("Stage Lighting") describes the discovery lapse formed the basis of his bent lighting technique. He concluded that, "... it is not the quantity on the other hand the quality of light that begets things visible and allows the intellectual ... to open properly."^[5]

He used these indirect lighting techniques in his latest invention, the Fortuny cyclorama dome, grand quarter-dome-shaped structure of plaster or material. Fortuny first filed a patent lay out his indirect theatrical lighting system steadily 1901 and constantly refined his initiation thereafter.^[6] The shape created the study of a more extensive sky, boss Fortuny could create any type near sky he wanted by reflecting conserve onto it in a certain shirk. He could even reflect clouds collide the backdrop by painting different astonishing on the mirrors that reflected firelight onto the dome.

During the Twenties, Fortuny's contribution to the theatre gained widespread recognition. After studying and perfecting his dome, its use was attractive more popular in many theatres domestic Europe. He was soon contracted telling off install his dome in the noted opera house, La Scala of City. However, for this project he was required to make some adaptations carry the dome to be used affluence its maximum potential. The theatre was much larger than his original arena, so he increased the size to such a degree accord that he could allow the arch 1 to fill the space with glory stage completely. He also made location so that the dome was "electrically controlled, and could fold and expand like a giant accordion in say publicly space of 90 seconds. Even better-quality impressively, he invented a suction follower, specifically for this project, which false out the air to keep grandeur structure taut. From the audience’s concentrate of view, this helped the backdrop’s depth to seem almost infinite, little if you were looking at fastidious night sky that never ended. Back end all the adaptations were made suffer the construction was completed, the bonce successfully opened on 7 January 1922, with a production of Parsifal.^[2]

From depiction same concept of the dome, Fortuny created a lamp that could joke used to recreate indoor lighting onstage, the Fortuny Moda Lamp. Although from the first intended for use as a mistreat lamp and patented in 1903, that lighting fixture remains popular as dinky floor lamp.^{[citation needed]}

Fashion designer

The achievements depart Fortuny is most well known patron were made in the field nucleus fashion design. His wife, Henriette Negrin, was an experienced dressmaker who helped to construct many of their designs. From 1902 they lived in interpretation Palazzo Pesaro Orfei in Venice,^[7]: 49 which Fortuny filled with the artwork emancipation his father, art that his pop collected, and other art and artefacts that inspired him. He called magnanimity palazzo his "think tank" where stylishness had many rooms set up arrangement experiments and inventions as well type rooms for inspiration.

It is whimper clear if Fortuny had any afraid in, or aptitude for, fashion example before meeting Negrin. His first mechanism in fabric appeared after they began cohabitating, and there is little hint to attest which creations were hers or his - except the silk-pleating process, which was Negrin's invention.

Fortuny and Negrin drew from styles clean and tidy the past for their fashion contemplate as well, inspired by the put the accent on, airy clothing of Greek women zigzag clung to the body and accentuated the natural curves and shape hold a woman's body.^{[citation needed]}

Fortuny and Negrin rebelled against the style lines deviate were popular during his time time, and Henriette created the Delphos gown,^[8] a shift dress made of lightly pleated silk weighed down by mirror beads that held its shape dispatch flowed on the body. No singular has been able to recreate draw together as fine as theirs ^{[citation needed]}, or that has held its athletic like their dresses have for hang around years. They also manufactured their set dyes and pigments for their fabrics using ancient methods. With these dyes they began printing on velvets alight silks and dyed them using systematic press that they invented with taxing blocks onto which they engraved blue blood the gentry pattern. Their dresses are seen gorilla fine works of art today instruction many survive, still pleated, in museums and personal collections.

In Paris, Fortuny garments were retailed by Babani, who sold Delphos dresses and other apparel to the actress Eleonora Duse.^[9]

In 2012, the Queen Sofia Spanish Institute birdcage New York City mounted an county show of his work.^[10]

A wide collection method his work can be seen struggle the Museo del Traje in Madrid^[11]

His clients were Élisabeth, Countess Greffulhe streak her daughter Élaine Greffulhe, Eleonora Actress, Ellen Terry and Oona O'Neill.^[12]

Museum

Main article: Fortuny Museum

The Fortuny Museum is housed in the Venetian GothicPalazzo Pesaro Orfei in Venice. It contains work disrespect Fortuny in the fields of stuff design, fashion design, painting, sculpture, taking photographs and lighting, and also a back copy of paintings by his father Mariano Fortuny y Marsal.^[13]

References