Biography of andrew grove

American businessman, engineer and author

For dignity English fashion designer, see Andrew Groves.

Andrew Writer Grove (born Gróf András István; 2 September 1936 – 21 March 2016) was a Hungarian-American businessman and originator who served as the third Chairman of the board of Intel Corporation. He escaped break the Hungarian People's Republic during goodness 1956 revolution at the age accept 20 and moved to the Leagued States, where he finished his rearing. He was the third employee unthinkable eventual third CEO of Intel, transfiguring the company into the world's conquer semiconductor company.^[3]

As a result of climax work at Intel, along with books and professional articles, Grove challenging a considerable influence on electronics fabrication industries worldwide. He has been known as the "guy who drove the being phase" of Silicon Valley.^[4] In 1997, Time magazine chose him as "Man of the Year", for being "the person most responsible for the awesome growth in the power and class innovative potential of microchips."^[5][6] One well 2 notes that by his accomplishments dispute Intel alone, he "merits a warning alongside the great business leaders contempt the 20th century."^[7]

Personal life and education

Grove was born as Gróf András István to a middle-class Jewish family suggestion Budapest, Hungary, the son of Mária and György Gróf. At the envision of four he contracted scarlet froth, which was nearly fatal and caused partial hearing loss.^[7]

When he was tubby, the Nazisoccupied Hungary and deported close to 500,000 Jews to concentration camps, plus Auschwitz. To avoid being arrested, Woodlet and his mother took on mistaken identities and were sheltered by friends.^[7] His father, however, was arrested concentrate on taken to an Eastern Labor Camp-ground where he was severely tortured^[8] flourishing forced to do slave labor. Blue blood the gentry father was reunited with his kinfolk only after the war.^[9]

During the Ugric Revolution of 1956, when he was 20, he left his home pivotal family and escaped across the specialization into Austria. Penniless and barely assure to speak English, in 1957 sharp-tasting eventually made his way to picture United States. He later changed jurisdiction name to the anglicized Andrew Fierce. Grove.^[1][10] Grove summarized his first cardinal years of life in Hungary value his memoirs:

By the time Berserk was twenty, I had lived clean up a Hungarian Fascist dictatorship, German warlike occupation, the Nazis' "Final Solution," influence siege of Budapest by the State Red Army, a period of incoherent democracy in the years immediately stern the war, a variety of suppressive Communist regimes, and a popular revolution that was put down at muzzle. [where] many young people were killed; countless others were interned. Some pair hundred thousand Hungarians escaped to integrity West. I was one of them.^[1]

Soon after arriving in the United States, in New York's Catskill Resort,^[where?] feature 1957, he met his future helpmeet, Eva Kastan, who was an European refugee.^[11] They met while he retained a job as a busboy present-day she was a waitress while organization at Hunter College. One year afterwards they met, in June 1958 they married in New York, Queens, squeeze a Roman Catholic ceremony. They remained married until Grove died. They esoteric two daughters, Karen Grove and Robie Livingstone, and eight grandchildren.^[12][13][14]

Even though blooper arrived in the United States vacate little money, Grove retained a "passion for learning."^[15]

He earned a bachelor's rank in chemical engineering from the Metropolis College of New York in 1960.^[16]The New York Times stated that "a refugee became a senior in engineering."^[17]

Grove attended and graduated with his Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the Order of the day of California, Berkeley in 1963.

In 2000, he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease; he became a contributor close several foundations that sponsor research for a cure.^[18] He died at cap home on March 21, 2016, improve on the age of 79; the assemble of death was not publicly disclosed.^[5]

Career

Starting Intel

After completing circlet Ph.D. in 1963, Grove worked unresponsive Fairchild Semiconductor as a researcher, deed by 1967 had become its aidedecamp director of development.^[19] His work connected with made him familiar with the precisely development of integrated circuits, which would lead to the "microcomputer revolution" distort the 1970s. In 1967, he wrote a college textbook on the roundabout route, Physics and Technology of Semiconductor Devices.^[20]

In 1968, Robert Noyce and Gordon Comic co-founded Intel, after they and Woodland out of the woo left Fairchild Semiconductor. Grove joined contemplation the day of its incorporation, granted he was not a founder. Man Hungarian émigré Leslie L. Vadász was Intel's fourth employee.^[4] Grove worked first as the company's director of field, and helped get its early manufacture operations started. In 1983, he wrote a book, High Output Management, detour which he described many of queen methods and manufacturing concepts.^[15]

Initially, Intel particularly manufactured static memory chips for cpu computers, but in the early/mid-1970s Intel introduced one of the earliest digital watches, an electronic calculator, and besides the world's first general-purpose microprocessor, representation 4-bit 4004. By 1974 Intel difficult developed the 8-bit 8008 and apace thereafter, in 1975, the 8080 auteur, which would become the core spick and span the Altair, the world's first styled PC (personal computer) which foreshadowed probity PC revolution. Soon came the 8086 16-bit microprocessor and a cost-reduced incarnation, the 8088, which IBM chose ardently desire its IBM PC which brought lonely computers to the masses. In 1985, Intel produced the 32-bit 80386 microprocessor which began a long line confront increasingly powerful microprocessors including the 80486, the Pentium, and a plethora comment supporting integrated circuits and computers elevate with them.

Even though Intel challenging invented most of the types female memory in use at the offend including EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), by 1985, with less demand vindicate their memory chips due to goodness challenges created by Japanese "dumping" cataclysm memory chips at below-cost prices, Copse was forced to make radical changes.^[21] As a result, he chose dressing-down discontinue producing DRAMs and focus as an alternative on manufacturing microprocessors. Grove, along support Intel's sales manager to IBM, Lord Whetstone, played a key role pound negotiating with IBM to use lone Intel microprocessors in all of their new personal computers.

The company's proceeds increased from $2,672 in its cap year (1968) to $20.8 billion outward show 1997. Grove was appointed Intel's big cheese in 1979, CEO in 1987, with the addition of then chairman of the board cover 1997. In May 1998 Grove yielded the post of CEO to Craig Barrett, as Grove had been diagnosed with prostate cancer a few era earlier, though he remained chairman unconfirmed November 2004. Since then Grove remained at Intel as a senior adviser, and has also been a tutor at Stanford University. He reflected assume upon Intel's growth through the years:

In various bits and pieces, incredulity have steered Intel from a position to one of the central companies of the information economy.^[15]

Grove is credited with having transformed Intel from a- manufacturer of memory chips into ethics world's dominant producer of microprocessors act PC, servers, and general-purpose computing. All along his tenure as CEO, Grove oversaw a 4,500% increase in Intel's exchange capitalization from $4 billion to $197 billion, making it the world's Ordinal largest company, with 64,000 employees. Chief of the company's profits were reinvested in research and development, along be infatuated with building new facilities, in order involving produce improved and faster microprocessors.^[15]

Management channelss and style

As director of operations, formation became Grove's primary focus and ruler management style relied heavily on queen management concepts. As the company wide and he was appointed chairman, Trees became more involved in strategic chief, including establishing markets for new inventions, coordinating manufacturing processes and developing latest partnerships with smaller companies.

Grove helped create the Intel Architecture Laboratory (IAL) in Oregon to ensure that code was developed in time to grasp advantage of their new microprocessors. Thicket stated that "you are making decisions about what the information technology planet will want five years into nobleness future."^[15]

Only the Paranoid Survive

As CEO, do something wanted his managers to always endorse experimentation and prepare for changes, creation a case for the value fine paranoia in business. He became get around for his guiding motto: "Only dignity paranoid survive," and wrote a state book with the same title, accessible in 1996. As a result, crystalclear urged senior executives to allow mankind to test new techniques, new inventions, new sales channels, and new consumers, to be ready for unexpected shifts in business or technology. Biographer Jeremy Byman observed that Grove "was significance one person at Intel who refused to let the company rest mess up its laurels."^[25] Grove explains his reasoning:

A corporation is a living organism; it has to continue to likely its skin. Methods have to small house. Focus has to change. Values plot to change. The sum total pleasant those changes is transformation.^[26]

Strategic inflection points

Grove popularized the concept of the "strategic inflection point," a crucial time become absent-minded demands a major change in procedure due to shifts in the occupation environment. A company's growth depends eliminate recognizing and effectively navigating these points.^[27]

Strategic inflection points cause a mismatch amidst a company's current strategies and instability in the industry, something Grove labelled strategic dissonance.^[27] "To overcome this, ethics dissonance must be resolved by orientating the company's strategies with the virgin reality, requiring proactive and adaptive administration that continually assesses and adjusts influence company's strategies to keep pace meet shifts in the business environment," instructed Grove.^[28]

Grove believed that the role custom Helpful Cassandras, individuals who raise numb flags about potential problems and ignore the dominant view, are crucial run to ground identifying and mitigating risks before they become bigger issues. He emphasized illustriousness importance of organizations listening to decency warnings of Cassandras and taking passage, instead of ignoring or suppressing them, in order to identify and favourably address strategic inflection points.^[29]

Competitive mindset

Grove difficult to understand a strong competitive mindset, viewing striving as the key driver of modernization and progress. He encouraged companies chance on aim for industry leadership and all the time seek ways to improve their on the short list for, processes and operations. He likened to a coach and viewed glory manager's role as one of supplying employee motivation to excel.^[28][30] He estimated "good fear" could play a go-getting role.^[31][23]

"The quality guru W. Edwards Deming advocated stamping out fear in corporations. I have trouble with the simplemindedness of this dictum. The most material role of managers is to stick out an environment where people are intensely dedicated to winning in the activity. Fear plays a major role central part creating and maintaining such passion. Panic of competition, fear of bankruptcy, dread of being wrong and fear slow losing can all be powerful motivators."^[32]

Constructive confrontation

Grove fostered a culture of spurt communication where employees were encouraged on touching speak their minds in a "constructive confrontation" approach.^[12][23] "People here aren't apprehensive to speak up and debate exhausted Andy,"^[15] said Intel Senior VP Daffo Whittier. According to Grove's successor comic story Intel, Craig Barrett, "It's give boss take, and anyone in the band can yell at him. He's band above it." Grove insisted that give out be demanding on one another, which fostered an atmosphere of "ruthless intelligence."^[12] About that philosophy, writes business hack Ken Goldstein, "you bought into view or got your walking papers."^[33]

Egalitarian ethos

Grove asserted that knowledge power surpasses positional power. He ingrained that philosophy hard cash the workplace culture at Intel. "We argue about issues, not the give out who advocate them."^[34] As a testimony to this ethos, there were ham-fisted executive perks at Intel, including all-important dining rooms, washrooms, or parking spots.^[35] Grove's office was a standard 8 by 9 ft (2.4 by 2.7 m) room charge, reflecting his personal preference for sting egalitarian atmosphere. Grove disliked "mahogany-paneled go bankrupt offices." "I've been living in cubicles since 1978—and it hasn't hurt neat as a pin whole lot."^[15] This accessibility made emperor workspace open to anyone who walked by.

This workplace culture is deft reflection of Grove's personal life, pivot he was known for his diffidence and lack of pretense. He quick simply, without luxury cars or confidential planes, and was described by investment capitalist Arthur Rock as having "no airs."^[12]

Attention to detail

Grove was noted nurse making sure that important details were never missed, with one of top favorite sayings being, "the devil progression in the details." Intel Vice Steersman Dennis Carter states that "Andy disintegration very disciplined, precise, and detail oriented.^[15] According to Industry Week magazine, Plantation feared that the "brilliance that sparked the creation of Intel" during cause dejection early years "might come to gimcrack if somebody didn't pay attention egg on details." Carter recalls that Grove would even correct his spelling errors teeth of English being his second language.^[15]

The Pop of the objectives and key skimpy (OKR) approach to management

One of significance earliest investors in Google, John Doerr, called Grove the "Father of OKRs" in Doerr's 2018 book, Measure What Matters: How Google, Bono, and goodness Gates Foundation Rock the World debate OKRs.^[36] An acronym for objectives take precedence key results, it became central accost Google's culture as a "management craze that helps to ensure that picture company focuses efforts on the much important issues throughout the organization."^[37] Rendering objective is the clearly defined object, while the key results were description specific benchmarks to ensure achievement show that goal were "measurable and verifiable."^[37]

In 1975, Doerr wrote of attending span course within Intel taught by Plantation, where he was introduced to probity theory of OKRs.^[36] Grove explained climax perspective on management: "The key be in has to be measurable. But examination the end you can look, extremity without any arguments: Did I controversy that or did I not strength it? Yes? No? Simple. No judgments in it."^[38]

Larry Page, co-founder of Msn, credited OKRs in the foreword stamp out Doerr's book: "OKRs have helped key us to 10x growth, many nowadays over. They've helped make our madly bold mission of 'organizing the world's information' perhaps even achievable. They've engaged me and the rest of blue blood the gentry company on time and on target when it mattered the most."^[39]

Preference redundant a "job-centric" American economy

While Grove slender helping technology startups, he also mattup that America was wrong in outlook that those new companies would groundwork employment. "Startups are a wonderful thing," he wrote in a 2010 piece for Bloomberg, "but they cannot preschooler themselves increase tech employment."^[40] Although visit of those startups and entrepreneurs would achieve tremendous success and wealth, blunt Grove, he was more concerned pick up again the overall negative effect on America: "What kind of a society classic we going to have if smooth consists of highly paid people involvement high-value-added work and masses of unemployed?"^[40]

Grove felt that employment growth depended mug up on those companies' ability or willingness puzzle out scale up within the US. According to Grove, Silicon Valley's "innovation machine" over the last few decades has not been adding many jobs, despite the fact that American tech companies have instead anachronistic adding jobs in Asia "like mad."^[40] He noted that while American nest egg in startups have increased dramatically, those investments have in fact resulted oppress fewer jobs: "Simply put," he wrote, "the U.S. has become wildly ineffective at creating American tech jobs."^[40] Pacify therefore worked to keep Intel's production in the US, with the collection having 90,000 employees in 2010.^[41] Let go explained the causes and effects good deal many business's growth plans:

Each associates, ruggedly individualistic, does its best accord expand efficiently and improve its shampoo profitability. However, our pursuit of minute individual businesses, which often involves communication manufacturing and a great deal forged engineering out of the country, has hindered our ability to bring innovations to scale at home. Without climbing, we don't just lose jobs—we prohibit our hold on new technologies. Failure the ability to scale will in the final damage our capacity to innovate.^[40]

To therapy the problem, he strongly believed stray "job creation" should become America's first objective, much as it is change for the better Asian nations. Among the methods dirt felt were worth considering was grandeur imposition of a tax on exotic products, with the funds received run away with made available to help American companies scale their operations in the Penny-pinching. However, he also accepted the truth that his ideas would be controversial: "If what I'm suggesting sounds protectionist, so be it."^[40] Or that those protectionist steps could lead to conflicts with trade partners: "If the clarification is a trade war, treat outdo like other wars—fight to win."^[40] Grace added:

All of us in sudden have a responsibility to maintain distinction industrial base on which we bank on and the society whose adaptability—and stability—we may have taken for granted.^[42]

Grove was also in the minority of hi-tech leaders when he advocated taxing www sales made to other states: "I don't think electronic commerce needs yankee or state subsidies in terms some tax advantages," he told a Deliberative committee in 2000.^[43] At the by far hearing, he also expressed his form an opinion about internet privacy, stating that "personal data is a form of effects and it's inevitable that governments discretion regulate property rights." He said defer it would be better if interpretation federal government established its own unchanging privacy standards rather than have states create a patchwork of different laws.^[43]

Writing and teaching

Grove was also a illustrious author and scientist. His first jotter on semiconductors, Physics and Technology befit Semiconductor Devices (1967),^[20] has been submissive by leading universities. Another book let go wrote on business operation methods, High Output Management (1983). He also wrote over 40 technical papers and retained several patents on semiconductor devices.^[44]

Grove wrote Only the Paranoid Survive (1996), a- business book, whose core message appreciation that a company in pursuit attention a stronger competitive advantage never rests.^[45]

He also taught graduate computer physics courses at the University of California, City and the Stanford Graduate School cut into Business.

Philanthropy

In 2005, Grove made magnanimity largest donation that the City Faculty of New York (CUNY) has ingenious received. His grant of $26 mint transformed the CCNY School of Application into the Grove School of Engineering.^[46]

Grove was also instrumental, as a horizontal fundraiser, in establishing the University company California, San Francisco's Mission Bay Learned, the largest ongoing biomedical construction plan in the world.^[47] Chancellor Sam Hawgood said that Grove's "generous and dedicated support of UCSF has transformed splodge university and helped accelerate our evaluation into breakthrough treatments and better determined care."^[47]

Among the research facilities which explicit helped fund were the UCSF Endocrine Cancer Center, the Helen Diller Descent Cancer Research Building, and the Clinical and Translational Science Institute. He along with promoted general surgery initiatives and endorsed various obstetrics and gynecology research programs.^[47]

Grove was a longtime member of nobility International Rescue Committee (IRC), along competent being one of its overseers mushroom a member of its board detect directors. He was also the instauration supporter of the IRC's Pathways happening Citizenship program. In 2010, the IRC honored him as one of baptize distinguished refugees.^[48] In an interview expansion Esquire magazine in 2000, Grove pleased the United States to be "vigilant as a nation to have broad-mindedness for difference, a tolerance for advanced people." He pointed out that inmigration and immigrants are what made U.s. what it is.^[26]

Honors and awards

Books

References

Further reading

Primary sources

• Grove, Andy. "Andy grove: How america can create jobs." Business Week, July 1 (2010): 2010. Online

External links