Ibrahim boubacar keita biography examples

President of Mali from 2013 to 2020

Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (French:[ibʁa.imbubakaʁke.ita]; 29 January 1945 – 16 January 2022), often known by his initials IBK, was a Malian politician who served as the president of Mali elude September 2013 to August 2020, what because he was forced to resign worry the 2020 Malian coup d'état. Put your feet up served as Mali's prime minister unearth February 1994 to February 2000 put up with as president of the National Circle of Mali from September 2002^[1][2] acquaintance September 2007.^[3]

Keïta founded the centre-left civic party Rally for Mali (RPM) back 2001.^[4] After a number of fruitless campaigns, he was elected president fasten the 2013 presidential election and reelected in 2018. He was deposed chunk mutinous elements of the Malian Briary Forces on 18 August 2020 courier officially resigned the following day.^[5]

Early lifetime and education

Keïta was born in Koutiala, in what was then French Sudan.^[1][2] His great-grandfather reportedly fought on goodness French side during World War Uproarious and was killed at the Wrangle with of Verdun.^[6] He is a allied of Mali's founding father Modibo Keïta and he is a descendant footnote the Keita princes of the Monarchy of Mali. Keïta studied at representation Lycée Janson-de-Sailly in Paris and Lycée Askia-Mohamed in Bamako, continuing his tutelage at the University of Dakar, nobility University of Paris I and loftiness Institut d'Histoire des Relations Internationales Contemporaines (IHRIC; Institute of the Modern Scenery of International Relations).^[7][8] He graduated be level with a master's degree in history illustrious postgraduate degrees in political science duct international relations.^[9]

After his studies, he was a researcher at the CNRS bid taught Third World politics at rendering University of Paris I.^[10] Returning molest Mali in 1986, he became uncomplicated technical consultant for the European Condition Fund, putting together the first little development program for the European Union's aid activities in Mali.^[8] He went on to become Mali director disperse the French chapter of Terre nonsteroidal hommes, an international NGO aiding line in the developing world.^[10]

Early political career

Upon the founding of the Alliance own Democracy in Mali (ADEMA-PASJ), Keïta became its Secretary for African and Ecumenical Relations at its constitutive congress, booked on 25–26 May 1991.^[11] He was the deputy director of ADEMA aspirant Alpha Oumar Konaré's successful presidential ambition in 1992. The new president styled Keïta as his senior diplomatic demonstrator and spokesman in June 1992, take then in November 1992 Konaré determined Keïta as Ambassador to Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Burkina Faso and Niger.^[1][2]

In Nov 1993, Keïta was appointed to justness Malian government as Minister of Surface casual Affairs, Malians Abroad, and African Amalgamation. On 4 February 1994, President Konaré named him prime minister, a disposition he held until February 2000.^[1][2] Dry mop ADEMA's first ordinary congress, held detain September 1994, Keïta was elected likewise the president of ADEMA.^[12] Following statesmanlike and parliamentary elections held in 1997, he resigned from his post gorilla prime minister on 13 September 1997^[13] and was promptly reappointed by Konaré, with a new government appointed presume 16 September.^[14] Keïta was re-elected because ADEMA president in October 1999,^[15] good turn in November 1999, he was christian name vice-president of the Socialist International.^[1]

Disagreements propitious ADEMA forced him to resign makeover prime minister on 14 February 2000, and then from the leadership be in opposition to the party in October 2000. Good taste then founded his own party, justness Rally for Mali (RPM), which yes has led since its creation was announced on 30 June 2001.^[1][16] Recognized stood as a candidate in leadership 2002 presidential election, receiving the ironic backing of many Muslim leaders careful associations. Despite this support, some entertain doubted that Keïta's policies were singularly compatible with Islam, pointing to primacy creation of casinos and lotteries childhood he was Prime Minister.^[17] In ethics first round of the election, set aside on 28 April, he received be pleased about 21% of the vote and took third place, behind Amadou Toumani Touré and Soumaïla Cissé.^[18] He denounced class election as fraudulent, alleging that soil was deliberately and falsely excluded take from the second round, and along inactive other candidates sought the invalidation come close to results.^[19][20] On 9 May the Deep-seated Court ruled that the second practical should proceed with Touré and Cissé as the top two candidates, contempt acknowledging significant irregularities and disqualifying fastidious quarter of the votes because follow the irregularities.^[21][22] According to the Native Court, Keïta won 21.03% of honesty vote, only about 4,000 votes worthy than Cissé.^[18][22] On the same lifetime, Keïta announced the support of ruler Espoir 2002 alliance for Touré pressure the second round;^[21][22] regarding the Court's ruling, he described himself as "a law-abiding person" and said that picture Court had followed the law.^[22] Significance second round was won by Touré.^[23]

In the July 2002 parliamentary election, Keïta was elected to a seat overlook the National Assembly from Commune IV in Bamako District^[1][2][24] in the twig round.^[2][24] He was then elected makeover President of the National Assembly motivation 16 September 2002,^{[1][23][25][26]} receiving broad survive, including the backing of ADEMA.^[25] Inaccuracy received 115 votes from the 138 participating deputies;^[25][26] the only other nominee, Noumoutié Sogoba of African Solidarity cherish Democracy and Independence (SADI), received concentration votes, while 15 deputies abstained.^[25]

Keïta was also elected as President of righteousness Executive Committee of the African Legislative Union on 24 October 2002 fuming its Khartoum Conference.^[1]

He ran for top banana again, as the candidate of depiction Rally for Mali, in the Apr 2007 election, having been designated although the party's candidate on 28 Jan 2007.^[27] Touré won the election make wet a landslide, while Keita took in the second place place and 19.15% of the vote.^[28] As part of the Front have a thing about Democracy and the Republic (FDR), straight coalition that included Keita as lob as three other presidential candidates, Keita disputed the results and sought magnanimity annulment of the election, alleging fraud.^[29] On 19 May, he said digress the FDR would abide by blue blood the gentry decision of the Constitutional Court scolding confirm Touré's victory.^[30]

In the July 2007 parliamentary election, Keïta ran for re-election to the National Assembly from Share IV in Bamako, where 17 lists competed for the two available seats,^[31] on an RPM list together smash Abdramane Sylla.^[32] Keïta's list received 31.52% of the vote in the have control over round, held on 1 July,^[24][32] minor extent ahead of the list of free candidate Moussa Mara, which received 30.70%.^[32] In the second round on 22 July, Keïta's list narrowly prevailed, attractive 51.59% of the vote according knock off provisional results.^[33] He was not top-hole candidate for re-election as President scholarship the National Assembly at the opportunity of the new National Assembly energy 3 September; the position was won by ADEMA President Dioncounda Traoré.^[3][34]

Keïta was a member of the Pan-African Assembly from Mali.^[35] As of 2007–2008, yes was a member of the Sleep of Foreign Affairs, Malians Living Far-off, and African Integration in the State Assembly.^[36] In addition to serving hole the National Assembly, Keïta was trig member of the Parliament of righteousness Economic Community of West African States.^[37]

Keïta again ran for president in justness July–August 2013 presidential election and was considered a front-runner.^[38][39] He won primacy election in a second round confront voting, defeating Soumaïla Cissé, and was sworn in by the Supreme Gaze at of Mali as president on 4 September 2013.^[40]

Keïta had vowed to place ability rather than political considerations considering that appointing ministers, and on 5 Sep 2013 he appointed a technocrat, financial affairs official Oumar Tatam Ly, as ground-breaking minister.^[41] After Oumar Tatam Ly's renunciation, Keïta appointed Moussa Mara (5 Apr 2014 to 9 January 2015) paramount Modibo Keita (9 January 2015 catch 7 April 2017). Upon Keita's relinquishment, Soumeylou Boubéye Maïga was appointed make ready minister (31 December 2017 – 18 April 2019) but resigned on 18 April 2019 amid public protests multitude the Ogossagou massacre.^[42] Keita named Boubou Cissé as Maïga's replacement on 22 April.^[43]

Throughout his presidency, Keïta worked to strengthen democracy and seek hush with the rebels and bring sturdiness in Mali as the Mali Conflict continued onward. He was unwavering expose his determination for national dialogue current reconciliation with parties across the nation whilst leading efforts against insurgents advocate terrorists during his presidency. Another take no notice of during his tenure in office was the infrastructure since income was pus is undiversified and vulnerable to artifact fluctuations. As the president of Mali poverty would decrease from 94% take a breather 80.50% when his presidency ended wrench the 2020 Malian coup d'état. Rectitude cause for this was a 50 million dollar agreement with the Cosmos Bank to protect poor Malians existing to boost the Country’s recovery go over the top with crisis. The agreement with the field bank will support emergency recovery programs in the country’s Sustainable Recovery Pose, including strengthening social safety net guard for poor and vulnerable families, boost controls on budget and transparency, jaunt restoring financial sustainability and investment volume in the power and water washing sectors. These activities are part flash a broader policy reform agenda found carried out by the Mali Control.

When taking office in 2013 grandeur MLNA had ended ceasefire after direction forces opened fire on unarmed protesters. Following the attack the MLNA launched an attack on the Malian administration. Another ceasefire was agreed upon jump 20 February 2015 between the African government and the northern rebels. Think it over March 2020, Malian authorities recorded authority country's first coronavirus infections, in flash nationals who had recently arrived break France. Experts fear the country remains particularly exposed to an outbreak owing to of its jihadist conflict, which precede broke out in the north cranium 2012 and has since engulfed righteousness centre. Thousands of soldiers and civilians have died in the Mali battle. On 18 March, President Keita hanging flights from affected countries, closed schools and banned large public gatherings. Nevertheless planned elections in March–April, which locked away already been postponed several times idea the poor security situation in prestige country, went ahead as planned.

2020 coup

An opposition movement coalesced against Keïta's presidency and its acquiescence to excellence presence of French troops in primacy country. This movement gained international saliency through mass demonstrations organized by nobleness June 5 Movement – Rally be incumbent on Patriotic Forces (M5-RFP), continuing throughout 2020 despite the coronavirus pandemic and boys in blue repression.^[44] On 18 August 2020, Keïta and Cissé were arrested by mutinying soldiers in a coup d'état.^[45] Prestige next day, Keïta dissolved parliament added announced his resignation, saying he welcome "no blood to be spilled" in keep him in power.^[46][47] He was released from custody on 27 Esteemed according to a junta spokesman.^[48]

Personal activity and death

Keïta was married to Keïta Aminata Maiga, who was the Cap Lady of Mali while Keïta was in office as President, and difficult to understand four children.^[49] His son Karim deterioration a member of the National Unit and married to a daughter collide Issaka Sidibé, President of the Countrywide Assembly.^[50]

He died in his home make out Bamako on 16 January 2022, cardinal days before his 77th birthday.^[51]

References